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Field

Term
Gene name

Class

Subclass

Chromosome

External id

In atlas

Reliability

Reliability

Reliability

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Location

Searches

Tissue

Cell type

Expression

Tissue

Specificity

Cell line

Specificity

Cancer

Specificity

Tissue

Detectable

Cell line

Detectable

Cancer

Detectable

Cancer

Prognosis

Category

Score

Score

Score

Antibodies

Column

 
 
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AARS
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PATHOLOGY ATLAS

GENE/PROTEIN

Antibody validation

Dictionary

Level of antibody staining/expression





High
Medium
Low
Not detected

GENERAL INFORMATION

Gene namei

Gene name according to HGNC.

AARS

Gene descriptioni

Gene description according to HGNC.

Alanyl-tRNA synthetase

Protein classi

Protein class the gene product belongs to according to selected gene lists. List of protein classes.

Disease related genes
Enzymes
Plasma proteins
Potential drug targets
Predicted intracellular proteins

Predicted localizationi

Protein localization predicted from several bioinformatic algorithms.

Read more

Intracellular

Number of transcriptsi

Number of protein-coding transcribed from this gene as defined by Ensembl.

2
SHOW MORE

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

RNA categoryi

RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.

TCGA (cancer tissue):Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):Expressed in all
HPA (normal tissue):Expressed in all

Protein evidencei

Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.

Evidence at protein level

Protein expression
normal tissuei

A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.

"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.

Read more

Ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression.

ANTIBODY IHC RELIABILITY

Data reliability
descriptioni

Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.

Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data.

Reliability scorei

Reliability score (score description), divided into Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between the staining pattern of one antibody or several antibodies with RNA-seq data and available gene/protein characterization data.

Read more

Supported based on 2 antibodies.
HPA040870 , CAB034261
SHOW MORE

PROGNOSTIC SUMMARYi

Kaplan-Meier plots for all cancers where high expression of this gene has significant (p<0.001) association with patient survival are shown in this summary. Whether the prognosis is favourable or unfavourable is indicated in brackets. Each Kaplan-Meier plot is clickable and redirects to a detailed page that includes individual expression and survival data for patients with the selected cancer.

Gene product is not prognostic.
Show all

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi

RNA expression overview shows RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

TCGA dataseti
RNA-seq data in 17 cancer types are reported as median FPKM (number Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million reads), generated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA cancer tissue category is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all 17 cancer tissues and include: cancer tissue enriched, cancer group enriched, cancer tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. To access cancer specific RNA and prognostic data, click on the cancer name.

Read more
RNA cancer category: Expressed in all

PROTEIN EXPRESSIONi

Antibody staining in 20 different cancers is summarized by a selection of four standard cancer tissue samples representative of the overall staining pattern. From left: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. An additional fifth image can be added as a complement. The assay and annotation is described here. Note that samples used for immunohistochemistry by the Human Protein Atlas do not correspond to samples in the TCGA dataset.

For histological reference, visit the histological dictionary.

Colorectal cancer
Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Lung cancer
Liver cancer

STAINING SUMMARYi

For each cancer, the fraction of samples with protein expression level high, medium, low, or not detected are provided by the blue-scale color-coding (as described by the color-coding scale in the box to the left). The length of the bar represents the number of patient samples analyzed (max=12 patients). The images and annotations can be accessed by clicking on the cancer name or protein expression bar. If more than one antibody is analyzed, the tabs at the top of the staining summary section can be used to toggle between the different antibodies. The mouse-over function displays additional data for the features in the staining summary view.

Next to the cancer staining data, the protein expression data of normal tissues or specific cell types corresponding to each cancer are shown and protein expression levels are indicated by the blue-scale color coding.

HPA040870
CAB034261

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Staining summaryi

A manually written summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed cancer tissues.

Most malignant tissues showed moderate cytoplasmic staining. Several prostate and breast cancers along with a few malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancers were strongly stained.

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Staining summaryi

A manually written summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed cancer tissues.

Moderate cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was observed in most cancers. Several cases of ovarian and prostate cancers were strongly stained.

GENE INFORMATIONi

Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.

Gene name

AARS (HGNC Symbol)

Synonyms

CMT2N

Description

Alanyl-tRNA synthetase (HGNC Symbol)

Entrez gene summary

The human alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS) belongs to a family of tRNA synthases, of the class II enzymes. Class II tRNA synthases evolved early in evolution and are highly conserved. This is reflected by the fact that 498 of the 968-residue polypeptide human AARS shares 41% identity witht the E.coli protein. tRNA synthases are the enzymes that interpret the RNA code and attach specific aminoacids to the tRNAs that contain the cognate trinucleotide anticodons. They consist of a catalytic domain which interacts with the amino acid acceptor-T psi C helix of the tRNA, and a second domain which interacts with the rest of the tRNA structure. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Chromosome

16

Cytoband

q22.1

Chromosome location (bp)

70252295 - 70289543

Protein evidence

Evidence at protein level (all genes)

Ensembl

ENSG00000090861 (version 83.38)

Entrez gene

16

UniProt

P49588 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)

neXtProt

NX_P49588

Antibodypedia

AARS antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSERi

The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.

At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.

Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50) (read more).

If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.

Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.

AARS-001
AARS-005

PROTEIN INFORMATIONi

The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.

The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.

The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.

The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.

Splice variant

UniProt

Protein class

Gene ontology

Length & mass

Signal peptide
(predicted)

Transmembrane regions
(predicted)

AARS-001
ENSP00000261772
ENST00000261772
P49588 [Direct mapping]
Alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Ligase
Predicted intracellular proteins
Plasma proteins
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000049 [tRNA binding]
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding]
GO:0001942 [hair follicle development]
GO:0002161 [aminoacyl-tRNA editing activity]
GO:0003676 [nucleic acid binding]
GO:0004813 [alanine-tRNA ligase activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005524 [ATP binding]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006400 [tRNA modification]
GO:0006418 [tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation]
GO:0006419 [alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation]
GO:0006450 [regulation of translational fidelity]
GO:0006457 [protein folding]
GO:0008033 [tRNA processing]
GO:0010467 [gene expression]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016597 [amino acid binding]
GO:0016876 [ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds]
GO:0021680 [cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development]
GO:0030968 [endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response]
GO:0034620 [cellular response to unfolded protein]
GO:0043039 [tRNA aminoacylation]
GO:0043200 [response to amino acid]
GO:0043524 [negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process]
GO:0043588 [skin development]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
GO:0050885 [neuromuscular process controlling balance]
GO:0050905 [neuromuscular process]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
Show all
968 aa
106.8 kDa
No 0
AARS-005
ENSP00000455360
ENST00000565361
H3BPK7 [Direct mapping]
Alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding]
GO:0003676 [nucleic acid binding]
GO:0004813 [alanine-tRNA ligase activity]
GO:0005524 [ATP binding]
GO:0006419 [alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation]
GO:0016876 [ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds]
GO:0043039 [tRNA aminoacylation]
Show all
280 aa
30.1 kDa
No 0

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The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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