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Field

Term
Gene name

Class

Subclass

Chromosome

External id

In atlas

Reliability

Reliability

Reliability

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Location

Searches

Tissue

Cell type

Expression

Tissue

Specificity

Cell line

Specificity

Cancer

Specificity

Tissue

Detectable

Cell line

Detectable

Cancer

Detectable

Cancer

Prognosis

Category

Score

Score

Score

Antibodies

Column

 
 
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PATHOLOGY ATLAS

GENE/PROTEIN

Antibody validation

Dictionary

Level of antibody staining/expression





High
Medium
Low
Not detected

GENERAL INFORMATION

Gene namei

Gene name according to HGNC.

ACADM

Gene descriptioni

Gene description according to HGNC.

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain

Protein classi

Protein class the gene product belongs to according to selected gene lists. List of protein classes.

Disease related genes
Enzymes
Potential drug targets
Predicted intracellular proteins

Predicted localizationi

Protein localization predicted from several bioinformatic algorithms.

Read more

Intracellular

Number of transcriptsi

Number of protein-coding transcribed from this gene as defined by Ensembl.

4
SHOW MORE

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

RNA categoryi

RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.

TCGA (cancer tissue):Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):Expressed in all
HPA (normal tissue):Expressed in all

Protein evidencei

Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.

Evidence at protein level

Protein expression
normal tissuei

A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.

"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.

Read more

Ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression with a granular pattern.

ANTIBODY IHC RELIABILITY

Data reliability
descriptioni

Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.

Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data.

Reliability scorei

Reliability score (score description), divided into Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between the staining pattern of one antibody or several antibodies with RNA-seq data and available gene/protein characterization data.

Read more

Supported based on 2 antibodies.
HPA006198 , HPA026542
SHOW MORE

PROGNOSTIC SUMMARYi

Kaplan-Meier plots for all cancers where high expression of this gene has significant (p<0.001) association with patient survival are shown in this summary. Whether the prognosis is favourable or unfavourable is indicated in brackets. Each Kaplan-Meier plot is clickable and redirects to a detailed page that includes individual expression and survival data for patients with the selected cancer.

Prognostic marker in renal cancer (favourable) and colorectal cancer (favourable).
Renal cancer p<0.001
Colorectal cancer p<0.001
Show all

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi

RNA expression overview shows RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

TCGA dataseti
RNA-seq data in 17 cancer types are reported as median FPKM (number Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million reads), generated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA cancer tissue category is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all 17 cancer tissues and include: cancer tissue enriched, cancer group enriched, cancer tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. To access cancer specific RNA and prognostic data, click on the cancer name.

Read more
RNA cancer category: Expressed in all

PROTEIN EXPRESSIONi

Antibody staining in 20 different cancers is summarized by a selection of four standard cancer tissue samples representative of the overall staining pattern. From left: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. An additional fifth image can be added as a complement. The assay and annotation is described here. Note that samples used for immunohistochemistry by the Human Protein Atlas do not correspond to samples in the TCGA dataset.

For histological reference, visit the histological dictionary.

Colorectal cancer
Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Lung cancer
Liver cancer

STAINING SUMMARYi

For each cancer, the fraction of samples with protein expression level high, medium, low, or not detected are provided by the blue-scale color-coding (as described by the color-coding scale in the box to the left). The length of the bar represents the number of patient samples analyzed (max=12 patients). The images and annotations can be accessed by clicking on the cancer name or protein expression bar. If more than one antibody is analyzed, the tabs at the top of the staining summary section can be used to toggle between the different antibodies. The mouse-over function displays additional data for the features in the staining summary view.

Next to the cancer staining data, the protein expression data of normal tissues or specific cell types corresponding to each cancer are shown and protein expression levels are indicated by the blue-scale color coding.

HPA006198
HPA026542

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Staining summaryi

A manually written summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed cancer tissues.

Malignant cells generally displayed moderate to strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity with a granular pattern. Strongest immunoreactivity was observed in liver cancers.

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Staining summaryi

A manually written summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed cancer tissues.

A majority of malignant lymphomas, thyroid, liver and renal cancers exhibited strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. Remaining cancers generally displayed weak to moderate cytoplasmic staining.

GENE INFORMATIONi

Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.

Gene name

ACADM (HGNC Symbol)

Synonyms

ACAD1, MCAD, MCADH

Description

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain (HGNC Symbol)

Entrez gene summary

This gene encodes the medium-chain specific (C4 to C12 straight chain) acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The homotetramer enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Defects in this gene cause medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, a disease characterized by hepatic dysfunction, fasting hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy, which can result in infantile death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Chromosome

1

Cytoband

p31.1

Chromosome location (bp)

75724347 - 75787575

Protein evidence

Evidence at protein level (all genes)

Ensembl

ENSG00000117054 (version 83.38)

Entrez gene

34

UniProt

P11310 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)

neXtProt

NX_P11310

Antibodypedia

ACADM antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSERi

The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.

At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.

Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50) (read more).

If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.

Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.

ACADM-001
ACADM-002
ACADM-005
ACADM-201

PROTEIN INFORMATIONi

The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.

The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.

The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.

The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.

Splice variant

UniProt

Protein class

Gene ontology

Length & mass

Signal peptide
(predicted)

Transmembrane regions
(predicted)

ACADM-001
ENSP00000359878
ENST00000370841
P11310 [Direct mapping]
Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Oxidoreductases
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000062 [fatty-acyl-CoA binding]
GO:0003995 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005759 [mitochondrial matrix]
GO:0006635 [fatty acid beta-oxidation]
GO:0008152 [metabolic process]
GO:0009055 [electron carrier activity]
GO:0016627 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors]
GO:0019254 [carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked]
GO:0030424 [axon]
GO:0033539 [fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0044255 [cellular lipid metabolic process]
GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process]
GO:0045329 [carnitine biosynthetic process]
GO:0050660 [flavin adenine dinucleotide binding]
GO:0051791 [medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process]
GO:0051793 [medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process]
GO:0052890 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, with a flavin as acceptor]
GO:0055088 [lipid homeostasis]
GO:0055114 [oxidation-reduction process]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
GO:0070991 [medium-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
Show all
421 aa
46.6 kDa
No 0
ACADM-002
ENSP00000359871
ENST00000370834
Q5T4U5 [Direct mapping]
Acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, isoform CRA_a; Medium-chain-specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
Show all
   MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins
   SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000062 [fatty-acyl-CoA binding]
GO:0001889 [liver development]
GO:0003995 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005978 [glycogen biosynthetic process]
GO:0006082 [organic acid metabolic process]
GO:0006111 [regulation of gluconeogenesis]
GO:0007507 [heart development]
GO:0007584 [response to nutrient]
GO:0008152 [metabolic process]
GO:0009409 [response to cold]
GO:0009437 [carnitine metabolic process]
GO:0009725 [response to hormone]
GO:0009791 [post-embryonic development]
GO:0016627 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors]
GO:0016853 [isomerase activity]
GO:0033539 [fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase]
GO:0042493 [response to drug]
GO:0042594 [response to starvation]
GO:0046688 [response to copper ion]
GO:0050660 [flavin adenine dinucleotide binding]
GO:0051289 [protein homotetramerization]
GO:0051384 [response to glucocorticoid]
GO:0051793 [medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process]
GO:0055007 [cardiac muscle cell differentiation]
GO:0055114 [oxidation-reduction process]
Show all
454 aa
50.3 kDa
No 0
ACADM-005
ENSP00000409612
ENST00000420607
P11310 [Direct mapping]
Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Oxidoreductases
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000062 [fatty-acyl-CoA binding]
GO:0003995 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005759 [mitochondrial matrix]
GO:0006635 [fatty acid beta-oxidation]
GO:0008152 [metabolic process]
GO:0009055 [electron carrier activity]
GO:0016627 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors]
GO:0019254 [carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked]
GO:0030424 [axon]
GO:0033539 [fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0044255 [cellular lipid metabolic process]
GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process]
GO:0045329 [carnitine biosynthetic process]
GO:0050660 [flavin adenine dinucleotide binding]
GO:0051791 [medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process]
GO:0051793 [medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process]
GO:0052890 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, with a flavin as acceptor]
GO:0055088 [lipid homeostasis]
GO:0055114 [oxidation-reduction process]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
GO:0070991 [medium-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
Show all
425 aa
47 kDa
No 0
ACADM-201
ENSP00000442324
ENST00000541113
B7Z9I1 [Direct mapping]
Medium-chain-specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; cDNA, FLJ78845, highly similar to Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (EC 1.3.99.3)
Show all
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0003995 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0008152 [metabolic process]
GO:0016627 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors]
GO:0050660 [flavin adenine dinucleotide binding]
GO:0055114 [oxidation-reduction process]
Show all
385 aa
42.4 kDa
No 0

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