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Gene name

Class

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Chromosome

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In atlas

Reliability

Reliability

Reliability

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Location

Searches

Tissue

Cell type

Expression

Tissue

Specificity

Cell line

Specificity

Cancer

Specificity

Tissue

Detectable

Cell line

Detectable

Cancer

Detectable

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Antibodies

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TISSUE ATLAS PRIMARY DATA

GENE/PROTEIN

Antibody validation


Dictionary


Tissue proteome

GENERAL INFORMATION

Gene namei

Gene name according to HGNC.

ACE

Gene descriptioni

Gene description according to HGNC.

Angiotensin I converting enzyme

Protein classi

Protein class the gene product belongs to according to selected gene lists. List of protein classes.

Candidate cardiovascular disease genes
CD markers
Disease related genes
Enzymes
FDA approved drug targets
Plasma proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Predicted membrane proteins
Predicted secreted proteins

Predicted localizationi

Protein localization predicted from several bioinformatic algorithms.

Read more

Intracellular,Membrane,Secreted

Number of transcriptsi

Number of protein-coding transcribed from this gene as defined by Ensembl.

7
SHOW MORE

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

RNA tissue categoryi

RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.

Read more

HPA:Tissue enhanced (duodenum, small intestine)
GTEx:Tissue enriched (small intestine)
FANTOM5:Expressed in all

Protein evidencei

Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.

Evidence at protein level

Protein expressioni

A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.

"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.

Read more

Cytoplasmic and membranous expression in selected tissues, including lung capillaries, small intestine, renal tubules, uterus and male genitalia.

DATA RELIABILITY

Data reliability
descriptioni

Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.

Antibody staining consistent with RNA expression data.

Reliability scorei

Reliability score (score description), divided into Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between the staining pattern of one antibody or several antibodies with RNA-seq data and available gene/protein characterization data.

Read more

Supported based on 3 antibodies.
HPA029298 , CAB002426 , CAB002921
SHOW MORE

RNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION SUMMARYi

Below is an overview of RNA and protein expression data generated in the Human Protein Atlas project. Analyzed tissues are divided into color-coded groups according to which functional features they have in common. For each group, a list of included tissues is accessed by clicking on group name, group symbol, RNA bar, or protein bar. Subsequent selection of a particular tissue in this list links to the image data page. Images of selected tissues give a visual summary of the protein expression profile furthest to the right. The gray human body provides links to a histology dictionary when clicking on any part of the figure.

RNA expression (TPM)i
RNA-seq results generated in HPA are reported as number of transcripts per million (TPM). Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. The assay is described more in detail in Assays & Annotation.
Protein expression (score)i
Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. Protein expression scores are based on a best estimate of the "true" protein expression from a knowledge-based annotation, described more in detail under Assays & annotation. For genes where more than one antibody has been used, a collective score is set displaying the estimated true protein expression.

Read more
Brain
Cerebral cortex
Hippocampus
N/A
Caudate
N/A
Cerebellum
N/A
Endocrine tissues
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Bone marrow & immune system
Appendix
Bone marrow
Lymph node
Tonsil
Spleen
Muscle tissues
Heart muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Lung
Nasopharynx
N/A
Bronchus
N/A
Lung
Liver & gallbladder
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Pancreas
Gastrointestinal tract
Oral mucosa
N/A
Salivary gland
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Small intestine
Colon
Rectum
Kidney & urinary bladder
Kidney
Urinary bladder
Male tissues
Testis
Epididymis
Prostate
Seminal vesicle
Female tissues
Breast
Vagina
N/A
Cervix, uterine
Endometrium
Fallopian tube
Ovary
Placenta
Adipose & soft tissue
Adipose tissue
Soft tissue
N/A
Skin
Skin
Cerebral cortex

Lymph node

Lung

Liver

Colon

Kidney

Testis

PROTEIN EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi

Protein expression data is shown for each of the 44 tissues. The color-coding is based on tissues with functional features in common. Mouse-over function shows protein score for analyzed cell types found in a selected tissue. To access image data click on tissue name or bar. Annotation of protein expression is described in detail in Assays & annotation.

For genes with available protein data for which a knowledge-based annotation gave inconclusive results, no protein expression data is displayed in the protein expression data overview, however, all immunohistochemical images are still available and the annotation data can be found under Primary data.

Organ
Expression
Alphabetical

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi

RNA expression overview shows RNA-data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq data, RNA-seq data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and CAGE data from FANTOM5 project. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.

HPA dataseti

HPA dataset
RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean TPM (transcripts per million), corresponding to mean values of the different individual samples from each tissue. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar. The RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.

RNA tissue category HPA
HPA RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Tissue enhanced (duodenum, small intestine)
GTEx dataseti

GTEx dataset
RNA-seq data are reported as median RPKM (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads), generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.

RNA tissue category GTEx
GTEx RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Tissue enriched (small intestine)
FANTOM5 dataseti

FANTOM5 dataset
Tissue data obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) are reported as Tags Per Million, generated by the FANTOM5 project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.

RNA tissue category FANTOM5
FANTOM5 RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on gene expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all

GENE INFORMATIONi

Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.

Gene name

ACE (HGNC Symbol)

Synonyms

ACE1, CD143, DCP1

Description

Angiotensin I converting enzyme (HGNC Symbol)

Entrez gene summary

This gene encodes an enzyme involved in catalyzing the conversion of angiotensin I into a physiologically active peptide angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasopressor and aldosterone-stimulating peptide that controls blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte balance. This enzyme plays a key role in the renin-angiotensin system. Many studies have associated the presence or absence of a 287 bp Alu repeat element in this gene with the levels of circulating enzyme or cardiovascular pathophysiologies. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified, and two most abundant spliced variants encode the somatic form and the testicular form, respectively, that are equally active. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

Chromosome

17

Cytoband

q23.3

Chromosome location (bp)

63477061 - 63498380

Protein evidence

Evidence at protein level (all genes)

Ensembl

ENSG00000159640 (version 83.38)

Entrez gene

1636

UniProt

P12821 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)

neXtProt

NX_P12821

Antibodypedia

ACE antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSERi

The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.

At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.

Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50) (read more).

If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.

Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.

ACE-001
ACE-007
ACE-009
ACE-011
ACE-017
ACE-020
ACE-201

PROTEIN INFORMATIONi

The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.

The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.

The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.

The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.

Splice variant

UniProt

Protein class

Gene ontology

Length & mass

Signal peptide
(predicted)

Transmembrane regions
(predicted)

ACE-001
ENSP00000290866
ENST00000290866
P12821 [Direct mapping]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Hydrolases
   Peptidases
   Metallopeptidases
CD markers
Predicted membrane proteins
   Prediction method-based
   Membrane proteins predicted by MDM
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
   MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins
   Phobius predicted membrane proteins
   SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
   TMHMM predicted membrane proteins
   # TM segments-based
   1TM proteins predicted by MDM
Plasma proteins
Candidate cardiovascular disease genes
Disease related genes
FDA approved drug targets
   Small molecule drugs
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001822 [kidney development]
GO:0001974 [blood vessel remodeling]
GO:0002003 [angiotensin maturation]
GO:0002005 [angiotensin catabolic process in blood]
GO:0002019 [regulation of renal output by angiotensin]
GO:0002446 [neutrophil mediated immunity]
GO:0002474 [antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I]
GO:0003081 [regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin]
GO:0003779 [actin binding]
GO:0004175 [endopeptidase activity]
GO:0004180 [carboxypeptidase activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005576 [extracellular region]
GO:0005615 [extracellular space]
GO:0005764 [lysosome]
GO:0005768 [endosome]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0006508 [proteolysis]
GO:0007283 [spermatogenesis]
GO:0008144 [drug binding]
GO:0008217 [regulation of blood pressure]
GO:0008237 [metallopeptidase activity]
GO:0008238 [exopeptidase activity]
GO:0008240 [tripeptidyl-peptidase activity]
GO:0008241 [peptidyl-dipeptidase activity]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0009897 [external side of plasma membrane]
GO:0014910 [regulation of smooth muscle cell migration]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016021 [integral component of membrane]
GO:0019229 [regulation of vasoconstriction]
GO:0031404 [chloride ion binding]
GO:0031434 [mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding]
GO:0031711 [bradykinin receptor binding]
GO:0032943 [mononuclear cell proliferation]
GO:0042312 [regulation of vasodilation]
GO:0042447 [hormone catabolic process]
GO:0043171 [peptide catabolic process]
GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process]
GO:0050435 [beta-amyloid metabolic process]
GO:0050482 [arachidonic acid secretion]
GO:0051019 [mitogen-activated protein kinase binding]
GO:0060047 [heart contraction]
GO:0060177 [regulation of angiotensin metabolic process]
GO:0060218 [hematopoietic stem cell differentiation]
GO:0061098 [positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
GO:0071838 [cell proliferation in bone marrow]
GO:1900086 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation]
GO:1902033 [regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation]
GO:1903597 [negative regulation of gap junction assembly]
GO:2000170 [positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation]
Show all
1306 aa
149.7 kDa
Yes 1
ACE-007
ENSP00000290863
ENST00000290863
P12821 [Direct mapping]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Hydrolases
   Peptidases
   Metallopeptidases
CD markers
Predicted membrane proteins
   Prediction method-based
   Membrane proteins predicted by MDM
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
   MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins
   Phobius predicted membrane proteins
   SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
   TMHMM predicted membrane proteins
   # TM segments-based
   1TM proteins predicted by MDM
Plasma proteins
Candidate cardiovascular disease genes
Disease related genes
FDA approved drug targets
   Small molecule drugs
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001822 [kidney development]
GO:0001974 [blood vessel remodeling]
GO:0002003 [angiotensin maturation]
GO:0002005 [angiotensin catabolic process in blood]
GO:0002019 [regulation of renal output by angiotensin]
GO:0002446 [neutrophil mediated immunity]
GO:0002474 [antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I]
GO:0003081 [regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin]
GO:0003779 [actin binding]
GO:0004175 [endopeptidase activity]
GO:0004180 [carboxypeptidase activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005576 [extracellular region]
GO:0005615 [extracellular space]
GO:0005764 [lysosome]
GO:0005768 [endosome]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0006508 [proteolysis]
GO:0007283 [spermatogenesis]
GO:0008144 [drug binding]
GO:0008217 [regulation of blood pressure]
GO:0008237 [metallopeptidase activity]
GO:0008238 [exopeptidase activity]
GO:0008240 [tripeptidyl-peptidase activity]
GO:0008241 [peptidyl-dipeptidase activity]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0009897 [external side of plasma membrane]
GO:0014910 [regulation of smooth muscle cell migration]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016021 [integral component of membrane]
GO:0019229 [regulation of vasoconstriction]
GO:0031404 [chloride ion binding]
GO:0031434 [mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding]
GO:0031711 [bradykinin receptor binding]
GO:0032943 [mononuclear cell proliferation]
GO:0042312 [regulation of vasodilation]
GO:0042447 [hormone catabolic process]
GO:0043171 [peptide catabolic process]
GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process]
GO:0050435 [beta-amyloid metabolic process]
GO:0050482 [arachidonic acid secretion]
GO:0051019 [mitogen-activated protein kinase binding]
GO:0060047 [heart contraction]
GO:0060177 [regulation of angiotensin metabolic process]
GO:0060218 [hematopoietic stem cell differentiation]
GO:0061098 [positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
GO:0071838 [cell proliferation in bone marrow]
GO:1900086 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation]
GO:1902033 [regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation]
GO:1903597 [negative regulation of gap junction assembly]
GO:2000170 [positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation]
Show all
732 aa
83.3 kDa
Yes 1
ACE-009
ENSP00000392247
ENST00000413513
P12821 [Direct mapping]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Hydrolases
   Peptidases
   Metallopeptidases
CD markers
Predicted membrane proteins
   Prediction method-based
   Membrane proteins predicted by MDM
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
   MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins
   Phobius predicted membrane proteins
   SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
   TMHMM predicted membrane proteins
   # TM segments-based
   1TM proteins predicted by MDM
Plasma proteins
Candidate cardiovascular disease genes
Disease related genes
FDA approved drug targets
   Small molecule drugs
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001822 [kidney development]
GO:0001974 [blood vessel remodeling]
GO:0002003 [angiotensin maturation]
GO:0002005 [angiotensin catabolic process in blood]
GO:0002019 [regulation of renal output by angiotensin]
GO:0002446 [neutrophil mediated immunity]
GO:0002474 [antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I]
GO:0003081 [regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin]
GO:0003779 [actin binding]
GO:0004175 [endopeptidase activity]
GO:0004180 [carboxypeptidase activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005576 [extracellular region]
GO:0005615 [extracellular space]
GO:0005764 [lysosome]
GO:0005768 [endosome]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0006508 [proteolysis]
GO:0007283 [spermatogenesis]
GO:0008144 [drug binding]
GO:0008217 [regulation of blood pressure]
GO:0008237 [metallopeptidase activity]
GO:0008238 [exopeptidase activity]
GO:0008240 [tripeptidyl-peptidase activity]
GO:0008241 [peptidyl-dipeptidase activity]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0009897 [external side of plasma membrane]
GO:0014910 [regulation of smooth muscle cell migration]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016021 [integral component of membrane]
GO:0019229 [regulation of vasoconstriction]
GO:0031404 [chloride ion binding]
GO:0031434 [mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding]
GO:0031711 [bradykinin receptor binding]
GO:0032943 [mononuclear cell proliferation]
GO:0042312 [regulation of vasodilation]
GO:0042447 [hormone catabolic process]
GO:0043171 [peptide catabolic process]
GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process]
GO:0050435 [beta-amyloid metabolic process]
GO:0050482 [arachidonic acid secretion]
GO:0051019 [mitogen-activated protein kinase binding]
GO:0060047 [heart contraction]
GO:0060177 [regulation of angiotensin metabolic process]
GO:0060218 [hematopoietic stem cell differentiation]
GO:0061098 [positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
GO:0071838 [cell proliferation in bone marrow]
GO:1900086 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation]
GO:1902033 [regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation]
GO:1903597 [negative regulation of gap junction assembly]
GO:2000170 [positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation]
Show all
691 aa
78.7 kDa
Yes 1
ACE-011
ENSP00000462280
ENST00000582627
J3KS28 [Direct mapping]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004180 [carboxypeptidase activity]
GO:0006508 [proteolysis]
GO:0008237 [metallopeptidase activity]
GO:0008241 [peptidyl-dipeptidase activity]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
Show all
314 aa
35.5 kDa
No 0
ACE-017
ENSP00000462909
ENST00000582761
J3KTB8 [Direct mapping]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004180 [carboxypeptidase activity]
GO:0006508 [proteolysis]
GO:0008237 [metallopeptidase activity]
GO:0008241 [peptidyl-dipeptidase activity]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
Show all
282 aa
33 kDa
No 0
ACE-020
ENSP00000464428
ENST00000579409
J3QRX8 [Direct mapping]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0006508 [proteolysis]
GO:0008237 [metallopeptidase activity]
GO:0008241 [peptidyl-dipeptidase activity]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
Show all
138 aa
15.4 kDa
No 0
ACE-201
ENSP00000397593
ENST00000428043
A0A0A0MSN4 [Direct mapping]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Show all
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
Predicted secreted proteins
   Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC
   SignalP predicted secreted proteins
   Phobius predicted secreted proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004180 [carboxypeptidase activity]
GO:0006508 [proteolysis]
GO:0008237 [metallopeptidase activity]
GO:0008241 [peptidyl-dipeptidase activity]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
Show all
1242 aa
142.4 kDa
Yes 0

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The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg foundation.