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Field

Term
Gene name

Class

Subclass

Chromosome

External id

In atlas

Reliability

Reliability

Reliability

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Location

Searches

Tissue

Cell type

Expression

Tissue

Specificity

Cell line

Specificity

Cancer

Specificity

Tissue

Detectable

Cell line

Detectable

Cancer

Detectable

Cancer

Prognosis

Category

Score

Score

Score

Antibodies

Column

 
 
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A2ML1
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    TISSUE

  • CELL

  • PATHOLOGY

PATHOLOGY ATLAS

GENE/PROTEIN

Antibody validation

Dictionary

Level of antibody staining/expression





High
Medium
Low
Not detected

GENERAL INFORMATION

Gene namei

Gene name according to HGNC.

A2ML1

Gene descriptioni

Gene description according to HGNC.

Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like 1

Protein classi

Protein class the gene product belongs to according to selected gene lists. List of protein classes.

Predicted intracellular proteins
Predicted secreted proteins

Predicted localizationi

Protein localization predicted from several bioinformatic algorithms.

Read more

Intracellular,Secreted

Number of transcriptsi

Number of protein-coding transcribed from this gene as defined by Ensembl.

5
SHOW MORE

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

RNA categoryi

RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.

TCGA (cancer tissue):Tissue enhanced (head and neck cancer)
HPA (cell line):Cell line enhanced (HMC-1, hTCEpi, SK-BR-3)
HPA (normal tissue):Tissue enriched (esophagus)

Protein evidencei

Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.

Evidence at protein level

Protein expression
normal tissuei

A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.

"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.

Read more

Selective expression in squamous epithelia.

ANTIBODY IHC RELIABILITY

Data reliability
descriptioni

Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.

Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data. Secreted protein, tissue location of RNA and protein might differ and correlation is complex.

Reliability scorei

Reliability score (score description), divided into Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between the staining pattern of one antibody or several antibodies with RNA-seq data and available gene/protein characterization data.

Read more

Supported based on 2 antibodies.
HPA038847 , HPA038848
SHOW MORE

PROGNOSTIC SUMMARYi

Kaplan-Meier plots for all cancers where high expression of this gene has significant (p<0.001) association with patient survival are shown in this summary. Whether the prognosis is favourable or unfavourable is indicated in brackets. Each Kaplan-Meier plot is clickable and redirects to a detailed page that includes individual expression and survival data for patients with the selected cancer.

Gene product is not prognostic.
Show all

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi

RNA expression overview shows RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

TCGA dataseti
RNA-seq data in 17 cancer types are reported as median FPKM (number Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million reads), generated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA cancer tissue category is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all 17 cancer tissues and include: cancer tissue enriched, cancer group enriched, cancer tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. To access cancer specific RNA and prognostic data, click on the cancer name.

Read more
RNA cancer category: Tissue enhanced (head and neck cancer)

PROTEIN EXPRESSIONi

Antibody staining in 20 different cancers is summarized by a selection of four standard cancer tissue samples representative of the overall staining pattern. From left: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. An additional fifth image can be added as a complement. The assay and annotation is described here. Note that samples used for immunohistochemistry by the Human Protein Atlas do not correspond to samples in the TCGA dataset.

For histological reference, visit the histological dictionary.

Colorectal cancer
Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Lung cancer
Liver cancer

STAINING SUMMARYi

For each cancer, the fraction of samples with protein expression level high, medium, low, or not detected are provided by the blue-scale color-coding (as described by the color-coding scale in the box to the left). The length of the bar represents the number of patient samples analyzed (max=12 patients). The images and annotations can be accessed by clicking on the cancer name or protein expression bar. If more than one antibody is analyzed, the tabs at the top of the staining summary section can be used to toggle between the different antibodies. The mouse-over function displays additional data for the features in the staining summary view.

Next to the cancer staining data, the protein expression data of normal tissues or specific cell types corresponding to each cancer are shown and protein expression levels are indicated by the blue-scale color coding.

HPA038847
HPA038848

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Staining summaryi

A manually written summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed cancer tissues.

Several cases of squamous cell carcinomas and melanomas along with isolated cases in other cancers displayed moderate to strong cytoplasmic positivity. Remaining tumors were mainly negative.

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Cancer

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Staining summaryi

A manually written summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed cancer tissues.

Several cases of squamous cell carcinomas exhibited strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. A few cases of urothelial cancers showed moderate to strong staining in a fraction of cells. Remaining cancers were negative.

GENE INFORMATIONi

Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.

Gene name

A2ML1 (HGNC Symbol)

Synonyms

CPAMD9, FLJ25179

Description

Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like 1 (HGNC Symbol)

Entrez gene summary

This gene encodes a member of the alpha-macroglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is thought to be an N-glycosylated monomeric protein that acts as an inhibitor of several proteases. It has been shown to form covalent interactions with proteases, and has been reported as the p170 antigen recognized by autoantibodies in the autoimmune disease paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP; PMID:20805888). Mutations in these gene have also been associated with some cases of Noonan syndrome (NS; PMID:24939586) as well as some cases of otitis media (PMID:26121085). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

Chromosome

12

Cytoband

p13.31

Chromosome location (bp)

8822472 - 8887001

Protein evidence

Evidence at protein level (all genes)

Ensembl

ENSG00000166535 (version 83.38)

Entrez gene

144568

UniProt

A8K2U0 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)

neXtProt

NX_A8K2U0

Antibodypedia

A2ML1 antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSERi

The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.

At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.

Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50) (read more).

If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.

Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.

A2ML1-001
A2ML1-003
A2ML1-004
A2ML1-008
A2ML1-009

PROTEIN INFORMATIONi

The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.

The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.

The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.

The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.

Splice variant

UniProt

Protein class

Gene ontology

Length & mass

Signal peptide
(predicted)

Transmembrane regions
(predicted)

A2ML1-001
ENSP00000299698
ENST00000299698
A8K2U0 [Direct mapping]
Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protein 1
Show all
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
Predicted secreted proteins
   Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC
   SignalP predicted secreted proteins
   Phobius predicted secreted proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004866 [endopeptidase inhibitor activity]
GO:0004867 [serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity]
GO:0005576 [extracellular region]
GO:0005615 [extracellular space]
GO:0010951 [negative regulation of endopeptidase activity]
GO:0030414 [peptidase inhibitor activity]
GO:0052548 [regulation of endopeptidase activity]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
Show all
1454 aa
161.1 kDa
Yes 0
A2ML1-003
ENSP00000443174
ENST00000541459
H0YGG5 [Direct mapping]
Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protein 1
Show all
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004866 [endopeptidase inhibitor activity]
GO:0005576 [extracellular region]
GO:0005615 [extracellular space]
GO:0010951 [negative regulation of endopeptidase activity]
Show all
1004 aa
110.6 kDa
No 0
A2ML1-004
ENSP00000438292
ENST00000539547
A8K2U0 [Direct mapping]
Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protein 1
Show all
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004866 [endopeptidase inhibitor activity]
GO:0004867 [serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity]
GO:0005576 [extracellular region]
GO:0005615 [extracellular space]
GO:0010951 [negative regulation of endopeptidase activity]
GO:0030414 [peptidase inhibitor activity]
GO:0052548 [regulation of endopeptidase activity]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
Show all
963 aa
106 kDa
No 0
A2ML1-008
ENSP00000440662
ENST00000536789
F5GYG7 [Direct mapping]
Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protein 1
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
81 aa
8.9 kDa
No 0
A2ML1-009
ENSP00000440057
ENST00000545692
F5GXP1 [Direct mapping]
Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protein 1
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
183 aa
20.2 kDa
No 0

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The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg foundation.