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Gene name

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Chromosome

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In atlas

Reliability

Reliability

Reliability

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Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

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Searches

Tissue

Cell type

Expression

Tissue

Specificity

Cell line

Specificity

Cancer

Specificity

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Detectable

Cell line

Detectable

Cancer

Detectable

Cancer

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Antibodies

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TISSUE ATLAS PRIMARY DATA

GENE/PROTEIN

Antibody validation


Dictionary


Tissue proteome

GENERAL INFORMATION

Gene namei

Gene name according to HGNC.

AR

Gene descriptioni

Gene description according to HGNC.

Androgen receptor

Protein classi

Protein class the gene product belongs to according to selected gene lists. List of protein classes.

Cancer-related genes
Disease related genes
FDA approved drug targets
Nuclear receptors
Plasma proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Transcription factors

Predicted localizationi

Protein localization predicted from several bioinformatic algorithms.

Read more

Intracellular

Number of transcriptsi

Number of protein-coding transcribed from this gene as defined by Ensembl.

7
SHOW MORE

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

RNA tissue categoryi

RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.

Read more

HPA:Mixed
GTEx:Mixed
FANTOM5:Mixed

Protein evidencei

Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.

Evidence at protein level

Protein expressioni

A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.

"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.

Read more

Nuclear expression in several tissues, mainly in reproductive organs.

DATA RELIABILITY

Data reliability
descriptioni

Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.

Antibody staining consistent with RNA expression data.

Reliability scorei

Reliability score (score description), divided into Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between the staining pattern of one antibody or several antibodies with RNA-seq data and available gene/protein characterization data.

Read more

Supported based on 2 antibodies.
CAB000001 , CAB065764
SHOW MORE

RNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION SUMMARYi

Below is an overview of RNA and protein expression data generated in the Human Protein Atlas project. Analyzed tissues are divided into color-coded groups according to which functional features they have in common. For each group, a list of included tissues is accessed by clicking on group name, group symbol, RNA bar, or protein bar. Subsequent selection of a particular tissue in this list links to the image data page. Images of selected tissues give a visual summary of the protein expression profile furthest to the right. The gray human body provides links to a histology dictionary when clicking on any part of the figure.

RNA expression (TPM)i
RNA-seq results generated in HPA are reported as number of transcripts per million (TPM). Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. The assay is described more in detail in Assays & Annotation.
Protein expression (score)i
Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. Protein expression scores are based on a best estimate of the "true" protein expression from a knowledge-based annotation, described more in detail under Assays & annotation. For genes where more than one antibody has been used, a collective score is set displaying the estimated true protein expression.

Read more
Brain
Cerebral cortex
Hippocampus
N/A
Caudate
N/A
Cerebellum
N/A
Endocrine tissues
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Bone marrow & immune system
Appendix
Bone marrow
Lymph node
Tonsil
Spleen
Muscle tissues
Heart muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Lung
Nasopharynx
N/A
Bronchus
N/A
Lung
Liver & gallbladder
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Pancreas
Gastrointestinal tract
Oral mucosa
N/A
Salivary gland
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Small intestine
Colon
Rectum
Kidney & urinary bladder
Kidney
Urinary bladder
Male tissues
Testis
Epididymis
Prostate
N/A
Seminal vesicle
Female tissues
Breast
Vagina
N/A
Cervix, uterine
Endometrium
Fallopian tube
Ovary
Placenta
Adipose & soft tissue
Adipose tissue
Soft tissue
N/A
Skin
Skin
Cerebral cortex

Lymph node

Liver

Colon

Kidney

Testis

Seminal vesicle

PROTEIN EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi

Protein expression data is shown for each of the 44 tissues. The color-coding is based on tissues with functional features in common. Mouse-over function shows protein score for analyzed cell types found in a selected tissue. To access image data click on tissue name or bar. Annotation of protein expression is described in detail in Assays & annotation.

For genes with available protein data for which a knowledge-based annotation gave inconclusive results, no protein expression data is displayed in the protein expression data overview, however, all immunohistochemical images are still available and the annotation data can be found under Primary data.

Organ
Expression
Alphabetical

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi

RNA expression overview shows RNA-data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq data, RNA-seq data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and CAGE data from FANTOM5 project. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.

HPA dataseti

HPA dataset
RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean TPM (transcripts per million), corresponding to mean values of the different individual samples from each tissue. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar. The RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.

RNA tissue category HPA
HPA RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Mixed
GTEx dataseti

GTEx dataset
RNA-seq data are reported as median RPKM (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads), generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.

RNA tissue category GTEx
GTEx RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Mixed
FANTOM5 dataseti

FANTOM5 dataset
Tissue data obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) are reported as Tags Per Million, generated by the FANTOM5 project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.

RNA tissue category FANTOM5
FANTOM5 RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on gene expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Mixed

GENE INFORMATIONi

Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.

Gene name

AR (HGNC Symbol)

Synonyms

AIS, DHTR, HUMARA, NR3C4, SBMA, SMAX1

Description

Androgen receptor (HGNC Symbol)

Entrez gene summary

The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Two alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Chromosome

X

Cytoband

q12

Chromosome location (bp)

67544032 - 67730619

Protein evidence

Evidence at protein level (all genes)

Ensembl

ENSG00000169083 (version 83.38)

Entrez gene

367

UniProt

P10275 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)

neXtProt

NX_P10275

Antibodypedia

AR antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSERi

The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.

At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.

Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50) (read more).

If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.

Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.

AR-001
AR-002
AR-004
AR-201
AR-202
AR-203
AR-204

PROTEIN INFORMATIONi

The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.

The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.

The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.

The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.

Splice variant

UniProt

Protein class

Gene ontology

Length & mass

Signal peptide
(predicted)

Transmembrane regions
(predicted)

AR-001
ENSP00000363822
ENST00000374690
A0A0B4J1T2 [Direct mapping]
Androgen receptor
Show all
   Phobius predicted membrane proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Cancer-related genes
   Mutational cancer driver genes
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001701 [in utero embryonic development]
GO:0003073 [regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure]
GO:0003382 [epithelial cell morphogenesis]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0004882 [androgen receptor activity]
GO:0005496 [steroid binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0006357 [regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter]
GO:0007283 [spermatogenesis]
GO:0007338 [single fertilization]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0008584 [male gonad development]
GO:0009566 [fertilization]
GO:0009987 [cellular process]
GO:0010468 [regulation of gene expression]
GO:0019102 [male somatic sex determination]
GO:0030521 [androgen receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0033148 [positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0033327 [Leydig cell differentiation]
GO:0035264 [multicellular organism growth]
GO:0043401 [steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0043410 [positive regulation of MAPK cascade]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0043568 [positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0048608 [reproductive structure development]
GO:0048638 [regulation of developmental growth]
GO:0048645 [organ formation]
GO:0048808 [male genitalia morphogenesis]
GO:0050680 [negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation]
GO:0050790 [regulation of catalytic activity]
GO:0060520 [activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0060571 [morphogenesis of an epithelial fold]
GO:0060599 [lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis]
GO:0060685 [regulation of prostatic bud formation]
GO:0060736 [prostate gland growth]
GO:0060740 [prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis]
GO:0060742 [epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development]
GO:0060748 [tertiary branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis]
GO:0060749 [mammary gland alveolus development]
GO:0061458 [reproductive system development]
GO:0070974 [POU domain binding]
GO:0072520 [seminiferous tubule development]
Show all
920 aa
99.2 kDa
No 0
AR-002
ENSP00000379358
ENST00000396043
P10275 [Direct mapping]
Androgen receptor
F1D8N5 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%]
Androgen nuclear receptor variant 2
Show all
Nuclear receptors
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Plasma proteins
Transcription factors
   Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Cancer-related genes
   Candidate cancer biomarkers
   Mutational cancer driver genes
Disease related genes
FDA approved drug targets
   Small molecule drugs
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000790 [nuclear chromatin]
GO:0000978 [RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0001077 [transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding]
GO:0001085 [RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003682 [chromatin binding]
GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0004879 [RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0004882 [androgen receptor activity]
GO:0005102 [receptor binding]
GO:0005497 [androgen binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0006367 [transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter]
GO:0006810 [transport]
GO:0007165 [signal transduction]
GO:0007264 [small GTPase mediated signal transduction]
GO:0007267 [cell-cell signaling]
GO:0007548 [sex differentiation]
GO:0008013 [beta-catenin binding]
GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0008283 [cell proliferation]
GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation]
GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation]
GO:0010467 [gene expression]
GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression]
GO:0016049 [cell growth]
GO:0019899 [enzyme binding]
GO:0030521 [androgen receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0030522 [intracellular receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0030850 [prostate gland development]
GO:0042327 [positive regulation of phosphorylation]
GO:0043234 [protein complex]
GO:0043401 [steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding]
GO:0045597 [positive regulation of cell differentiation]
GO:0045720 [negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process]
GO:0045726 [positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process]
GO:0045893 [positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter]
GO:0045945 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter]
GO:0046983 [protein dimerization activity]
GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity]
GO:0051117 [ATPase binding]
GO:0051259 [protein oligomerization]
GO:0090003 [regulation of establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane]
GO:2001237 [negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
Show all
388 aa
44.6 kDa
No 0
AR-004
ENSP00000421155
ENST00000504326
E7EVX6 [Direct mapping]
Androgen receptor
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Cancer-related genes
   Mutational cancer driver genes
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0004882 [androgen receptor activity]
GO:0005496 [steroid binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0030521 [androgen receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
Show all
644 aa
67.4 kDa
No 0
AR-201
ENSP00000379359
ENST00000396044
F5GZG9 [Direct mapping]
Androgen receptor
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Cancer-related genes
   Mutational cancer driver genes
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0004882 [androgen receptor activity]
GO:0005496 [steroid binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0030521 [androgen receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0043401 [steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
Show all
734 aa
77 kDa
No 0
AR-202
ENSP00000482407
ENST00000612010
A0A087WZ66 [Direct mapping]
Androgen receptor
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Cancer-related genes
   Mutational cancer driver genes
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0004882 [androgen receptor activity]
GO:0005496 [steroid binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0030521 [androgen receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
Show all
642 aa
67.1 kDa
No 0
AR-203
ENSP00000484033
ENST00000612452
A0A087X1B6 [Direct mapping]
Androgen receptor
Show all
   Phobius predicted membrane proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Cancer-related genes
   Mutational cancer driver genes
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0004882 [androgen receptor activity]
GO:0005496 [steroid binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0030521 [androgen receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0043401 [steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
Show all
737 aa
79.4 kDa
No 0
AR-204
ENSP00000479013
ENST00000613054
A0A087WUX9 [Direct mapping]
Androgen receptor
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Cancer-related genes
   Mutational cancer driver genes
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0004882 [androgen receptor activity]
GO:0005496 [steroid binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0030521 [androgen receptor signaling pathway]
Show all
572 aa
59.4 kDa
No 0

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The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg foundation.