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Term
Gene name

Class

Subclass

Chromosome

External id

In atlas

Reliability

Reliability

Reliability

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Method

Validation

Location

Searches

Tissue

Cell type

Expression

Tissue

Specificity

Cell line

Specificity

Cancer

Specificity

Tissue

Detectable

Cell line

Detectable

Cancer

Detectable

Cancer

Prognosis

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Score

Score

Score

Antibodies

Column

 
 
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ACADM
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TISSUE ATLAS PRIMARY DATA

GENE/PROTEIN

Antibody validation


Dictionary


Tissue proteome

GENERAL INFORMATION

Gene namei

Gene name according to HGNC.

ACADM

Gene descriptioni

Gene description according to HGNC.

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain

Protein classi

Protein class the gene product belongs to according to selected gene lists. List of protein classes.

Disease related genes
Enzymes
Potential drug targets
Predicted intracellular proteins

Predicted localizationi

Protein localization predicted from several bioinformatic algorithms.

Read more

Intracellular

Number of transcriptsi

Number of protein-coding transcribed from this gene as defined by Ensembl.

4
SHOW MORE

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

RNA tissue categoryi

RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.

Read more

HPA:Expressed in all
GTEx:Expressed in all
FANTOM5:Expressed in all

Protein evidencei

Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.

Evidence at protein level

Protein expressioni

A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.

"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.

Read more

Ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression with a granular pattern.

DATA RELIABILITY

Data reliability
descriptioni

Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.

Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data.

Reliability scorei

Reliability score (score description), divided into Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between the staining pattern of one antibody or several antibodies with RNA-seq data and available gene/protein characterization data.

Read more

Supported based on 2 antibodies.
HPA006198 , HPA026542
SHOW MORE

RNA AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION SUMMARYi

Below is an overview of RNA and protein expression data generated in the Human Protein Atlas project. Analyzed tissues are divided into color-coded groups according to which functional features they have in common. For each group, a list of included tissues is accessed by clicking on group name, group symbol, RNA bar, or protein bar. Subsequent selection of a particular tissue in this list links to the image data page. Images of selected tissues give a visual summary of the protein expression profile furthest to the right. The gray human body provides links to a histology dictionary when clicking on any part of the figure.

RNA expression (TPM)i
RNA-seq results generated in HPA are reported as number of transcripts per million (TPM). Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. The assay is described more in detail in Assays & Annotation.
Protein expression (score)i
Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. Protein expression scores are based on a best estimate of the "true" protein expression from a knowledge-based annotation, described more in detail under Assays & annotation. For genes where more than one antibody has been used, a collective score is set displaying the estimated true protein expression.

Read more
Brain
Cerebral cortex
Hippocampus
N/A
Caudate
N/A
Cerebellum
N/A
Endocrine tissues
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Bone marrow & immune system
Appendix
Bone marrow
Lymph node
Tonsil
Spleen
Muscle tissues
Heart muscle
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Lung
Nasopharynx
N/A
Bronchus
N/A
Lung
Liver & gallbladder
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Pancreas
Gastrointestinal tract
Oral mucosa
N/A
Salivary gland
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Small intestine
Colon
Rectum
Kidney & urinary bladder
Kidney
Urinary bladder
Male tissues
Testis
Epididymis
Prostate
Seminal vesicle
Female tissues
Breast
Vagina
N/A
Cervix, uterine
Endometrium
Fallopian tube
Ovary
Placenta
Adipose & soft tissue
Adipose tissue
Soft tissue
N/A
Skin
Skin
Cerebral cortex

Lymph node

Liver

Colon

Kidney

Testis

PROTEIN EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi

Protein expression data is shown for each of the 44 tissues. The color-coding is based on tissues with functional features in common. Mouse-over function shows protein score for analyzed cell types found in a selected tissue. To access image data click on tissue name or bar. Annotation of protein expression is described in detail in Assays & annotation.

For genes with available protein data for which a knowledge-based annotation gave inconclusive results, no protein expression data is displayed in the protein expression data overview, however, all immunohistochemical images are still available and the annotation data can be found under Primary data.

Organ
Expression
Alphabetical

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi

RNA expression overview shows RNA-data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq data, RNA-seq data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and CAGE data from FANTOM5 project. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.

HPA dataseti

HPA dataset
RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean TPM (transcripts per million), corresponding to mean values of the different individual samples from each tissue. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar. The RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.

RNA tissue category HPA
HPA RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
GTEx dataseti

GTEx dataset
RNA-seq data are reported as median RPKM (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads), generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.

RNA tissue category GTEx
GTEx RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
FANTOM5 dataseti

FANTOM5 dataset
Tissue data obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) are reported as Tags Per Million, generated by the FANTOM5 project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.

RNA tissue category FANTOM5
FANTOM5 RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on gene expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all

GENE INFORMATIONi

Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.

Gene name

ACADM (HGNC Symbol)

Synonyms

ACAD1, MCAD, MCADH

Description

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain (HGNC Symbol)

Entrez gene summary

This gene encodes the medium-chain specific (C4 to C12 straight chain) acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase. The homotetramer enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. Defects in this gene cause medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, a disease characterized by hepatic dysfunction, fasting hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy, which can result in infantile death. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Chromosome

1

Cytoband

p31.1

Chromosome location (bp)

75724347 - 75787575

Protein evidence

Evidence at protein level (all genes)

Ensembl

ENSG00000117054 (version 83.38)

Entrez gene

34

UniProt

P11310 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)

neXtProt

NX_P11310

Antibodypedia

ACADM antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSERi

The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.

At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.

Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50) (read more).

If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.

Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.

ACADM-001
ACADM-002
ACADM-005
ACADM-201

PROTEIN INFORMATIONi

The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.

The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.

The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.

The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.

Splice variant

UniProt

Protein class

Gene ontology

Length & mass

Signal peptide
(predicted)

Transmembrane regions
(predicted)

ACADM-001
ENSP00000359878
ENST00000370841
P11310 [Direct mapping]
Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Oxidoreductases
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000062 [fatty-acyl-CoA binding]
GO:0003995 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005759 [mitochondrial matrix]
GO:0006635 [fatty acid beta-oxidation]
GO:0008152 [metabolic process]
GO:0009055 [electron carrier activity]
GO:0016627 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors]
GO:0019254 [carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked]
GO:0030424 [axon]
GO:0033539 [fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0044255 [cellular lipid metabolic process]
GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process]
GO:0045329 [carnitine biosynthetic process]
GO:0050660 [flavin adenine dinucleotide binding]
GO:0051791 [medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process]
GO:0051793 [medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process]
GO:0052890 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, with a flavin as acceptor]
GO:0055088 [lipid homeostasis]
GO:0055114 [oxidation-reduction process]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
GO:0070991 [medium-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
Show all
421 aa
46.6 kDa
No 0
ACADM-002
ENSP00000359871
ENST00000370834
Q5T4U5 [Direct mapping]
Acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, isoform CRA_a; Medium-chain-specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
Show all
   MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins
   SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000062 [fatty-acyl-CoA binding]
GO:0001889 [liver development]
GO:0003995 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005978 [glycogen biosynthetic process]
GO:0006082 [organic acid metabolic process]
GO:0006111 [regulation of gluconeogenesis]
GO:0007507 [heart development]
GO:0007584 [response to nutrient]
GO:0008152 [metabolic process]
GO:0009409 [response to cold]
GO:0009437 [carnitine metabolic process]
GO:0009725 [response to hormone]
GO:0009791 [post-embryonic development]
GO:0016627 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors]
GO:0016853 [isomerase activity]
GO:0033539 [fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase]
GO:0042493 [response to drug]
GO:0042594 [response to starvation]
GO:0046688 [response to copper ion]
GO:0050660 [flavin adenine dinucleotide binding]
GO:0051289 [protein homotetramerization]
GO:0051384 [response to glucocorticoid]
GO:0051793 [medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process]
GO:0055007 [cardiac muscle cell differentiation]
GO:0055114 [oxidation-reduction process]
Show all
454 aa
50.3 kDa
No 0
ACADM-005
ENSP00000409612
ENST00000420607
P11310 [Direct mapping]
Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Oxidoreductases
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000062 [fatty-acyl-CoA binding]
GO:0003995 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005759 [mitochondrial matrix]
GO:0006635 [fatty acid beta-oxidation]
GO:0008152 [metabolic process]
GO:0009055 [electron carrier activity]
GO:0016627 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors]
GO:0019254 [carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked]
GO:0030424 [axon]
GO:0033539 [fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0044255 [cellular lipid metabolic process]
GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process]
GO:0045329 [carnitine biosynthetic process]
GO:0050660 [flavin adenine dinucleotide binding]
GO:0051791 [medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process]
GO:0051793 [medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process]
GO:0052890 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, with a flavin as acceptor]
GO:0055088 [lipid homeostasis]
GO:0055114 [oxidation-reduction process]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
GO:0070991 [medium-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
Show all
425 aa
47 kDa
No 0
ACADM-201
ENSP00000442324
ENST00000541113
B7Z9I1 [Direct mapping]
Medium-chain-specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; cDNA, FLJ78845, highly similar to Medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (EC 1.3.99.3)
Show all
   SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0003995 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0008152 [metabolic process]
GO:0016627 [oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors]
GO:0050660 [flavin adenine dinucleotide binding]
GO:0055114 [oxidation-reduction process]
Show all
385 aa
42.4 kDa
No 0

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The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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