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Moderate cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity was observed in most malignant tissues. A few cases of cervical cancers displayed strong positivity. Urothelial, renal, gastric, pancreatic and liver cancers were generally negative.
Malignant cells were generally negative. Weak to moderate positivity was observed in a few cases of malignant lymphomas.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
PTK2B (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
CADTK, CAKB, FAK2, PTK, PYK2, RAFTK
Description
Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase which is involved in calcium-induced regulation of ion channels and activation of the map kinase signaling pathway. The encoded protein may represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide-activated receptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals that regulate neuronal activity. The encoded protein undergoes rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in response to increases in the intracellular calcium concentration, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation, membrane depolarization, or protein kinase C activation. This protein has been shown to bind CRK-associated substrate, nephrocystin, GTPase regulator associated with FAK, and the SH2 domain of GRB2. The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases Tyr protein kinases Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001525 [angiogenesis] GO:0001954 [positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion] GO:0002040 [sprouting angiogenesis] GO:0002250 [adaptive immune response] GO:0002315 [marginal zone B cell differentiation] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004683 [calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity] GO:0004713 [protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715 [non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004871 [signal transducer activity] GO:0004972 [NMDA glutamate receptor activity] GO:0005102 [receptor binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton] GO:0005925 [focal adhesion] GO:0005938 [cell cortex] GO:0006461 [protein complex assembly] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006950 [response to stress] GO:0006968 [cellular defense response] GO:0007010 [cytoskeleton organization] GO:0007155 [cell adhesion] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007166 [cell surface receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007172 [signal complex assembly] GO:0007173 [epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007229 [integrin-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008360 [regulation of cell shape] GO:0010595 [positive regulation of endothelial cell migration] GO:0010758 [regulation of macrophage chemotaxis] GO:0010976 [positive regulation of neuron projection development] GO:0014069 [postsynaptic density] GO:0016477 [cell migration] GO:0017146 [NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex] GO:0018108 [peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0030027 [lamellipodium] GO:0030154 [cell differentiation] GO:0030155 [regulation of cell adhesion] GO:0030335 [positive regulation of cell migration] GO:0030425 [dendrite] GO:0030426 [growth cone] GO:0030502 [negative regulation of bone mineralization] GO:0030838 [positive regulation of actin filament polymerization] GO:0031234 [extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane] GO:0032960 [regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process] GO:0033209 [tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0035235 [ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway] GO:0038083 [peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation] GO:0042976 [activation of Janus kinase activity] GO:0043025 [neuronal cell body] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043267 [negative regulation of potassium ion transport] GO:0043524 [negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process] GO:0043552 [positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity] GO:0044297 [cell body] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045453 [bone resorption] GO:0045638 [negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation] GO:0045860 [positive regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0046330 [positive regulation of JNK cascade] GO:0046777 [protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048010 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050731 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0051279 [regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol] GO:0051968 [positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic] GO:0060291 [long-term synaptic potentiation] GO:0070098 [chemokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070374 [positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0071300 [cellular response to retinoic acid] GO:0097440 [apical dendrite] GO:2000058 [regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:2000114 [regulation of establishment of cell polarity] GO:2000249 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization] GO:2000310 [regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity] GO:2000463 [positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential] GO:2000538 [positive regulation of B cell chemotaxis]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases Tyr protein kinases Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001525 [angiogenesis] GO:0001954 [positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion] GO:0002040 [sprouting angiogenesis] GO:0002250 [adaptive immune response] GO:0002315 [marginal zone B cell differentiation] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004683 [calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity] GO:0004713 [protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715 [non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004871 [signal transducer activity] GO:0004972 [NMDA glutamate receptor activity] GO:0005102 [receptor binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton] GO:0005925 [focal adhesion] GO:0005938 [cell cortex] GO:0006461 [protein complex assembly] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006950 [response to stress] GO:0006968 [cellular defense response] GO:0007010 [cytoskeleton organization] GO:0007155 [cell adhesion] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007166 [cell surface receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007172 [signal complex assembly] GO:0007173 [epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007229 [integrin-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008360 [regulation of cell shape] GO:0010595 [positive regulation of endothelial cell migration] GO:0010758 [regulation of macrophage chemotaxis] GO:0010976 [positive regulation of neuron projection development] GO:0014069 [postsynaptic density] GO:0016477 [cell migration] GO:0017146 [NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex] GO:0018108 [peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0030027 [lamellipodium] GO:0030154 [cell differentiation] GO:0030155 [regulation of cell adhesion] GO:0030335 [positive regulation of cell migration] GO:0030425 [dendrite] GO:0030426 [growth cone] GO:0030502 [negative regulation of bone mineralization] GO:0030838 [positive regulation of actin filament polymerization] GO:0031234 [extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane] GO:0032960 [regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process] GO:0033209 [tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0035235 [ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway] GO:0038083 [peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation] GO:0042976 [activation of Janus kinase activity] GO:0043025 [neuronal cell body] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043267 [negative regulation of potassium ion transport] GO:0043524 [negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process] GO:0043552 [positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity] GO:0044297 [cell body] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045453 [bone resorption] GO:0045638 [negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation] GO:0045860 [positive regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0046330 [positive regulation of JNK cascade] GO:0046777 [protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048010 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050731 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0051279 [regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol] GO:0051968 [positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic] GO:0060291 [long-term synaptic potentiation] GO:0070098 [chemokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070374 [positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0071300 [cellular response to retinoic acid] GO:0097440 [apical dendrite] GO:2000058 [regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:2000114 [regulation of establishment of cell polarity] GO:2000249 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization] GO:2000310 [regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity] GO:2000463 [positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential] GO:2000538 [positive regulation of B cell chemotaxis]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases Tyr protein kinases Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000165 [MAPK cascade] GO:0000302 [response to reactive oxygen species] GO:0001525 [angiogenesis] GO:0001556 [oocyte maturation] GO:0001666 [response to hypoxia] GO:0001954 [positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion] GO:0002040 [sprouting angiogenesis] GO:0002250 [adaptive immune response] GO:0002315 [marginal zone B cell differentiation] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004683 [calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity] GO:0004713 [protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715 [non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004871 [signal transducer activity] GO:0004972 [NMDA glutamate receptor activity] GO:0005102 [receptor binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton] GO:0005925 [focal adhesion] GO:0005938 [cell cortex] GO:0006461 [protein complex assembly] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006950 [response to stress] GO:0006968 [cellular defense response] GO:0006970 [response to osmotic stress] GO:0007010 [cytoskeleton organization] GO:0007015 [actin filament organization] GO:0007155 [cell adhesion] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007166 [cell surface receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007172 [signal complex assembly] GO:0007173 [epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007204 [positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration] GO:0007229 [integrin-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008360 [regulation of cell shape] GO:0009612 [response to mechanical stimulus] GO:0009725 [response to hormone] GO:0009749 [response to glucose] GO:0010226 [response to lithium ion] GO:0010243 [response to organonitrogen compound] GO:0010595 [positive regulation of endothelial cell migration] GO:0010656 [negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process] GO:0010752 [regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling] GO:0010758 [regulation of macrophage chemotaxis] GO:0010976 [positive regulation of neuron projection development] GO:0014009 [glial cell proliferation] GO:0014069 [postsynaptic density] GO:0016477 [cell migration] GO:0017146 [NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex] GO:0018108 [peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0030027 [lamellipodium] GO:0030154 [cell differentiation] GO:0030155 [regulation of cell adhesion] GO:0030279 [negative regulation of ossification] GO:0030307 [positive regulation of cell growth] GO:0030335 [positive regulation of cell migration] GO:0030424 [axon] GO:0030425 [dendrite] GO:0030426 [growth cone] GO:0030502 [negative regulation of bone mineralization] GO:0030826 [regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process] GO:0030838 [positive regulation of actin filament polymerization] GO:0031175 [neuron projection development] GO:0031234 [extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane] GO:0032270 [positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0032403 [protein complex binding] GO:0032960 [regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process] GO:0033209 [tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0035235 [ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway] GO:0035902 [response to immobilization stress] GO:0038083 [peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation] GO:0042220 [response to cocaine] GO:0042493 [response to drug] GO:0042542 [response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0042976 [activation of Janus kinase activity] GO:0043025 [neuronal cell body] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043149 [stress fiber assembly] GO:0043267 [negative regulation of potassium ion transport] GO:0043423 [3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase binding] GO:0043507 [positive regulation of JUN kinase activity] GO:0043524 [negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process] GO:0043534 [blood vessel endothelial cell migration] GO:0043552 [positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity] GO:0044297 [cell body] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045121 [membrane raft] GO:0045428 [regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process] GO:0045429 [positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process] GO:0045453 [bone resorption] GO:0045471 [response to ethanol] GO:0045638 [negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation] GO:0045727 [positive regulation of translation] GO:0045766 [positive regulation of angiogenesis] GO:0045860 [positive regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0046330 [positive regulation of JNK cascade] GO:0046777 [protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048010 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048041 [focal adhesion assembly] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050731 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050848 [regulation of calcium-mediated signaling] GO:0051000 [positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity] GO:0051279 [regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol] GO:0051591 [response to cAMP] GO:0051592 [response to calcium ion] GO:0051968 [positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic] GO:0060291 [long-term synaptic potentiation] GO:0060292 [long term synaptic depression] GO:0070098 [chemokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070374 [positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0071300 [cellular response to retinoic acid] GO:0071498 [cellular response to fluid shear stress] GO:0090630 [activation of GTPase activity] GO:0097440 [apical dendrite] GO:2000058 [regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:2000060 [positive regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:2000114 [regulation of establishment of cell polarity] GO:2000249 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization] GO:2000310 [regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity] GO:2000379 [positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process] GO:2000463 [positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential] GO:2000538 [positive regulation of B cell chemotaxis] GO:2000573 [positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases Tyr protein kinases Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001525 [angiogenesis] GO:0001954 [positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion] GO:0002040 [sprouting angiogenesis] GO:0002250 [adaptive immune response] GO:0002315 [marginal zone B cell differentiation] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004683 [calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity] GO:0004713 [protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715 [non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004871 [signal transducer activity] GO:0004972 [NMDA glutamate receptor activity] GO:0005102 [receptor binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton] GO:0005925 [focal adhesion] GO:0005938 [cell cortex] GO:0006461 [protein complex assembly] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006950 [response to stress] GO:0006968 [cellular defense response] GO:0007010 [cytoskeleton organization] GO:0007155 [cell adhesion] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007166 [cell surface receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007172 [signal complex assembly] GO:0007173 [epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007229 [integrin-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008360 [regulation of cell shape] GO:0010595 [positive regulation of endothelial cell migration] GO:0010758 [regulation of macrophage chemotaxis] GO:0010976 [positive regulation of neuron projection development] GO:0014069 [postsynaptic density] GO:0016477 [cell migration] GO:0017146 [NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex] GO:0018108 [peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0030027 [lamellipodium] GO:0030154 [cell differentiation] GO:0030155 [regulation of cell adhesion] GO:0030335 [positive regulation of cell migration] GO:0030425 [dendrite] GO:0030426 [growth cone] GO:0030502 [negative regulation of bone mineralization] GO:0030838 [positive regulation of actin filament polymerization] GO:0031234 [extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane] GO:0032960 [regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process] GO:0033209 [tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0035235 [ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway] GO:0038083 [peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation] GO:0042976 [activation of Janus kinase activity] GO:0043025 [neuronal cell body] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043267 [negative regulation of potassium ion transport] GO:0043524 [negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process] GO:0043552 [positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity] GO:0044297 [cell body] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045453 [bone resorption] GO:0045638 [negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation] GO:0045860 [positive regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0046330 [positive regulation of JNK cascade] GO:0046777 [protein autophosphorylation] GO:0048010 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050731 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0051279 [regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol] GO:0051968 [positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic] GO:0060291 [long-term synaptic potentiation] GO:0070098 [chemokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070374 [positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0071300 [cellular response to retinoic acid] GO:0097440 [apical dendrite] GO:2000058 [regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:2000114 [regulation of establishment of cell polarity] GO:2000249 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization] GO:2000310 [regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor activity] GO:2000463 [positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential] GO:2000538 [positive regulation of B cell chemotaxis]