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A few cases of non-Hodgkins lymphomas and gastric cancers showed strong staining. Several cases of squamous cell carcinomas and renal cancers were either negative or weakly stained.
Moderate cytoplasmic staining was observed in most cancer tissues. Several colorectal, prostate, ovarian and liver cancers were strongly stained while several gliomas, renal and testis cancers were weakly stained or negative.
Most cancer cells showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic and membranous staining. A majority of skin cancers, lymphomas and melanomas were weakly stained or negative.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the INK4 family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. This protein has been shown to interact with CDK4 or CDK6, and prevent the activation of the CDK kinases, thus function as a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle G1 progression. Ectopic expression of this gene was shown to suppress the growth of human cells in a manner that appears to correlate with the presence of a wild-type RB1 function. Studies in the knockout mice suggested the roles of this gene in regulating spermatogenesis, as well as in suppressing tumorigenesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode an identical protein, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000079 [regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0000082 [G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000278 [mitotic cell cycle] GO:0004861 [cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0007050 [cell cycle arrest] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0030308 [negative regulation of cell growth] GO:0042326 [negative regulation of phosphorylation] GO:0048709 [oligodendrocyte differentiation] GO:0071901 [negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity]
Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000079 [regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0000082 [G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000278 [mitotic cell cycle] GO:0004861 [cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0007050 [cell cycle arrest] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0030308 [negative regulation of cell growth] GO:0042326 [negative regulation of phosphorylation] GO:0071901 [negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity]
Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000079 [regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0000082 [G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000278 [mitotic cell cycle] GO:0004861 [cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0007050 [cell cycle arrest] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0030308 [negative regulation of cell growth] GO:0042326 [negative regulation of phosphorylation] GO:0071901 [negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity]