Expression of GDF15 in cancer - Summary

GENERAL INFORMATION
Gene name	GDF15
Gene description	Growth differentiation factor 15
Protein class	Cancer-related genes Plasma proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Predicted secreted proteins
Predicted localization	Intracellular,Secreted
Number of transcripts	3
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HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

RNA category

TCGA (cancer tissue):	Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):	Cell line enhanced (BEWO, TIME)
HPA (normal tissue):	Tissue enhanced (placenta)

Protein evidence

Evidence at protein level

Protein expression
normal tissue

Cytoplasmic expression in placental trophoblasts, prostate, urothelium and fractions of cells in the gastrointestinal tract.

ANTIBODY IHC RELIABILITY
Data reliability description	Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data.
Reliability score	Supported based on 2 antibodies. HPA011191 , CAB062554
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PROGNOSTIC SUMMARY
Gene product is not prognostic.
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RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEW
TCGA dataset RNA cancer category: Expressed in all

PROTEIN EXPRESSION

STAINING SUMMARY

HPA011191	CAB062554

GENE INFORMATION
Gene name	GDF15 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms	MIC-1, MIC1, NAG-1, PDF, PLAB, PTGFB
Description	Growth differentiation factor 15 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary	The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family. The protein is expressed in a broad range of cell types, acts as a pleiotropic cytokine and is involved in the stress reponse program of cells after cellular injury. Increased protein levels are associated with disease states such as tissue hypoxia, inflammation, acute injury and oxidative stress. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]
Chromosome	19
Cytoband	p13.11
Chromosome location (bp)	18374731 - 18389176
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Ensembl	ENSG00000130513 (version 83.38)
Entrez gene	9518
UniProt	Q99988 (UniProt - Evidence at transcript level)
neXtProt	NX_Q99988
Antibodypedia	GDF15 antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSER

GDF15-001	GDF15-002	GDF15-005

PROTEIN INFORMATION
Splice variant	UniProt	Protein class	Gene ontology	Length & mass	Signal peptide (predicted)	Transmembrane regions (predicted)
GDF15-001 ENSP00000252809 ENST00000252809	Q99988 [Direct mapping] Growth/differentiation factor 15 Show all	THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) Show all	GO:0005125 [cytokine activity] GO:0005160 [transforming growth factor beta receptor binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007179 [transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007267 [cell-cell signaling] GO:0008083 [growth factor activity] GO:0010862 [positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation] GO:0042981 [regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043408 [regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0048468 [cell development] GO:0060395 [SMAD protein signal transduction] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:1901741 [positive regulation of myoblast fusion] Show all	308 aa 34.1 kDa	Yes	0
GDF15-002 ENSP00000469819 ENST00000597765		Predicted intracellular proteins Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) Show all		6 aa 0.7 kDa	No	0
GDF15-005 ENSP00000470531 ENST00000595973	A0A0A0MTT8 [Direct mapping] Growth/differentiation factor 15 Show all	THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) Show all	GO:0005160 [transforming growth factor beta receptor binding] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0010862 [positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation] GO:0042981 [regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043408 [regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0048468 [cell development] GO:0060395 [SMAD protein signal transduction] Show all	113 aa 12.5 kDa	Yes	0