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Most cancer tissues displayed moderate to strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. A majority of lymphomas, ovarian, renal, urothelial and testicular cancers were weakly stained or negative.
The majority of cancer tissues showed weak to moderate cytoplasmic positivity with additional nuclear staining in several cases. Melanomas, colorectal cancers and several cases of breast, ovarian, cervical, urothelial and pancreatic cancers were strongly stained.
This gene encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins. Members of this protein family have an affinity for beta-galactosides. The encoded protein is characterized by an N-terminal proline-rich tandem repeat domain and a single C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain. This protein can self-associate through the N-terminal domain allowing it to bind to multivalent saccharide ligands. This protein localizes to the extracellular matrix, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. This protein plays a role in numerous cellular functions including apoptosis, innate immunity, cell adhesion and T-cell regulation. The protein exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]
Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001501 [skeletal system development] GO:0001772 [immunological synapse] GO:0002548 [monocyte chemotaxis] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005578 [proteinaceous extracellular matrix] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005681 [spliceosomal complex] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005743 [mitochondrial inner membrane] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0006397 [mRNA processing] GO:0008380 [RNA splicing] GO:0009897 [external side of plasma membrane] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0019863 [IgE binding] GO:0030198 [extracellular matrix organization] GO:0030246 [carbohydrate binding] GO:0030593 [neutrophil chemotaxis] GO:0030855 [epithelial cell differentiation] GO:0031012 [extracellular matrix] GO:0042056 [chemoattractant activity] GO:0042129 [regulation of T cell proliferation] GO:0043236 [laminin binding] GO:0044822 [poly(A) RNA binding] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045806 [negative regulation of endocytosis] GO:0048245 [eosinophil chemotaxis] GO:0048246 [macrophage chemotaxis] GO:0050860 [negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0050918 [positive chemotaxis] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0070232 [regulation of T cell apoptotic process] GO:0071674 [mononuclear cell migration] GO:0071677 [positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration] GO:0090280 [positive regulation of calcium ion import] GO:1902041 [regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors] GO:2000521 [negative regulation of immunological synapse formation] GO:2001189 [negative regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell] GO:2001237 [negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]