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A few cases of colorectal cancer displayed strong membranous staining. Strong nuclear positivity was observed in a case of ovarian cancer. A few cases of colorectal and renal cancers were moderately stained. Remaining cancer tissues were weakly stained or negative.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
TIRAP (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
Mal, wyatt
Description
Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
The innate immune system recognizes microbial pathogens through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Different TLRs recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and all TLRs have a Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain, which is responsible for signal transduction. The protein encoded by this gene is a TIR adaptor protein involved in the TLR4 signaling pathway of the immune system. It activates NF-kappa-B, MAPK1, MAPK3 and JNK, which then results in cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]