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Most cancer tissues displayed weak to moderate cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity, with additional membranous positivity in many cases. Several cases of malignant melanoma, skin along with rare cases of malignant lymphoma, malignant glioma, lung, cervical and ovarian cancers were strongly stained. Several cases of breast, prostate, endometrial, renal and stomach cancers were negative.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
TBK1 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
NAK
Description
TANK-binding kinase 1 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
The NF-kappa-B (NFKB) complex of proteins is inhibited by I-kappa-B (IKB) proteins, which inactivate NFKB by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the IKB proteins by IKB kinases marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation and nuclear translocation of the NFKB complex. The protein encoded by this gene is similar to IKB kinases and can mediate NFKB activation in response to certain growth factors. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins RAS pathway related proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0002218 [activation of innate immune response] GO:0002224 [toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002756 [MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0003676 [nucleic acid binding] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004674 [protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006954 [inflammatory response] GO:0007249 [I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0009615 [response to virus] GO:0010008 [endosome membrane] GO:0010629 [negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0016032 [viral process] GO:0018105 [peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0032480 [negative regulation of type I interferon production] GO:0032481 [positive regulation of type I interferon production] GO:0032606 [type I interferon production] GO:0032727 [positive regulation of interferon-alpha production] GO:0032728 [positive regulation of interferon-beta production] GO:0033138 [positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0034138 [toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway] GO:0034142 [toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway] GO:0035666 [TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0043123 [positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0044565 [dendritic cell proliferation] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045359 [positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0050830 [defense response to Gram-positive bacterium] GO:0051219 [phosphoprotein binding] GO:0051607 [defense response to virus] GO:1901214 [regulation of neuron death] GO:1904417 [positive regulation of xenophagy]