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Subsets of cells in cases of endometrial cancers and lung displayed strong cytoplasmic staining. Several cases of breast, prostate, urothelial and ovarian cancers showed weak staining. Thyroid cancers showed weak to moderate nuclear staining. Remaining cancers were generally negative.
This gene is expressed in the liver, and encodes a short peptide that is localized predominantly to the cytoplasm. Transient transfection studies showed that expression of this gene significantly inhibited cell growth, and it may have a role in apoptosis. Expression of this gene is downregulated or lost in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), suggesting that loss of this gene is involved in carcinogenesis of hepatocytes (PMID:12971969). Also to note is that this gene maps to the 3'-noncoding region of HEPACAM gene (GeneID:220296) on the antisense strand (PMID:15885354). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]