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Skin, testis, urothelial, liver and female reproductive cancers, melanoma and gliomas showed moderate nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity. Remaining cancer tisues were weakly stained or negative.
Cancer tissues showed moderate cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity. Several cases of gliomas and lymphomas as well as skin, urothelial and renal cancers were weakly stained.
The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of 2 complexes, a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is composed of 4 rings of 28 non-identical subunits; 2 rings are composed of 7 alpha subunits and 2 rings are composed of 7 beta subunits. The 19S regulator is composed of a base, which contains 6 ATPase subunits and 2 non-ATPase subunits, and a lid, which contains up to 10 non-ATPase subunits. Proteasomes are distributed throughout eukaryotic cells at a high concentration and cleave peptides in an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent process in a non-lysosomal pathway. This gene encodes a member of the triple-A family of ATPases that is a component of the 19S regulatory subunit and plays a role in 26S proteasome assembly. The encoded protein interacts with gankyrin, a liver oncoprotein, and may also play a role in Parkinson's disease through interactions with synphilin-1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]