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GCG

GENERAL INFORMATION

Gene name

 GCG

Gene description

 Glucagon

Protein class

 Predicted secreted proteins

Predicted localization

 Secreted

Number of transcripts

 2
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HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

RNA category
TCGA (cancer tissue):Tissue enriched (pancreatic cancer)
HPA (cell line):Group enriched (EFO-21, U-2 OS)
HPA (normal tissue):Tissue enhanced (pancreas, rectum, small intestine)

Protein evidence

 Evidence at protein level

Protein expression
normal tissue

 Selective cytoplasmic expression in subset of cells in islets of Langerhans.

ANTIBODY IHC RELIABILITY

Data reliability
description

 Antibody staining consistent with RNA expression data.

Reliability score

 Supported based on 3 antibodies.
HPA036760 , HPA036761 , CAB000040
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PROGNOSTIC SUMMARY
Gene product is not prognostic.
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RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEW
TCGA dataset
RNA cancer category: Tissue enriched (pancreatic cancer)

PROTEIN EXPRESSION
Colorectal cancer
Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Lung cancer
Liver cancer

STAINING SUMMARY
HPA036760
HPA036761
CAB000040

GENE INFORMATION

Gene name

 GCG (HGNC Symbol)

Synonyms

 GLP1, GLP2, GRPP

Description

 Glucagon (HGNC Symbol)

Entrez gene summary

 The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. Two of the other peptides are secreted from gut endocrine cells and promote nutrient absorption through distinct mechanisms. Finally, the fourth peptide is similar to glicentin, an active enteroglucagon. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Chromosome

 2

Cytoband

 q24.2

Chromosome location (bp)

 162142873 - 162152404

Protein evidence

 Evidence at protein level (all genes)

Ensembl

 ENSG00000115263 (version 83.38)

Entrez gene

 2641

UniProt

 P01275 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)

neXtProt

 NX_P01275

Antibodypedia

 GCG antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSER
GCG-001
GCG-201

PROTEIN INFORMATION

Splice variant

UniProt

Protein class

Gene ontology

Length & mass

Signal peptide
(predicted)

Transmembrane regions
(predicted)
GCG-001
ENSP00000387662
ENST00000418842
P01275 [Direct mapping]
Glucagon Glicentin Glicentin-related polypeptide Oxyntomodulin Glucagon Glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) Glucagon-like peptide 2
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   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
Predicted secreted proteins
   Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC
   SignalP predicted secreted proteins
   Phobius predicted secreted proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0005102 [receptor binding]
GO:0005179 [hormone activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005576 [extracellular region]
GO:0005615 [extracellular space]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005788 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0006112 [energy reserve metabolic process]
GO:0007165 [signal transduction]
GO:0007186 [G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0007188 [adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0007631 [feeding behavior]
GO:0008283 [cell proliferation]
GO:0010737 [protein kinase A signaling]
GO:0010800 [positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation]
GO:0030819 [positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process]
GO:0031769 [glucagon receptor binding]
GO:0032092 [positive regulation of protein binding]
GO:0032099 [negative regulation of appetite]
GO:0033138 [positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation]
GO:0034774 [secretory granule lumen]
GO:0035774 [positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus]
GO:0035948 [positive regulation of gluconeogenesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter]
GO:0042594 [response to starvation]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process]
GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process]
GO:0045860 [positive regulation of protein kinase activity]
GO:0050796 [regulation of insulin secretion]
GO:0051571 [positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation]
GO:0070374 [positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade]
GO:0071377 [cellular response to glucagon stimulus]
GO:0090280 [positive regulation of calcium ion import]
GO:1900118 [negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis]
GO:2001243 [negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
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 180 aa
20.9 kDa 		Yes 0
GCG-201
ENSP00000364647
ENST00000375497
P01275 [Direct mapping]
Glucagon Glicentin Glicentin-related polypeptide Oxyntomodulin Glucagon Glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-37) Glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) Glucagon-like peptide 2
Show all
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
Predicted secreted proteins
   Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC
   SignalP predicted secreted proteins
   Phobius predicted secreted proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0005102 [receptor binding]
GO:0005179 [hormone activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005576 [extracellular region]
GO:0005615 [extracellular space]
GO:0005788 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0006112 [energy reserve metabolic process]
GO:0007165 [signal transduction]
GO:0007186 [G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0007188 [adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0007631 [feeding behavior]
GO:0008283 [cell proliferation]
GO:0010737 [protein kinase A signaling]
GO:0031769 [glucagon receptor binding]
GO:0034774 [secretory granule lumen]
GO:0035774 [positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus]
GO:0042594 [response to starvation]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process]
GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process]
GO:0050796 [regulation of insulin secretion]
GO:0071377 [cellular response to glucagon stimulus]
Show all
 180 aa
20.9 kDa 		Yes 0

Contact

The Project

The Human Protein Atlas

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg foundation.