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GLUL

GENERAL INFORMATION

Gene name

 GLUL

Gene description

 Glutamate-ammonia ligase

Protein class

 Disease related genes
Enzymes
Plasma proteins
Potential drug targets
Predicted intracellular proteins

Predicted localization

 Intracellular

Number of transcripts

 5
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HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

RNA category
TCGA (cancer tissue):Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):Cell line enhanced (ASC TERT1)
HPA (normal tissue):Expressed in all

Protein evidence

 Evidence at protein level

Protein expression
normal tissue

 Cytoplasmic expression in several different cell types. Distinct expression in adipocytes, macrophages, glial cells and in hepatocytes around the central vein.

ANTIBODY IHC RELIABILITY

Data reliability
description

 Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data. Paired antibodies with high similarity supports the protein expression profile.

Reliability score

 Approved based on 3 antibodies.
HPA007316 , HPA007571 , CAB008636
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PROGNOSTIC SUMMARY
Prognostic marker in breast cancer (favourable).
Breast cancer p<0.001
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RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEW
TCGA dataset
RNA cancer category: Expressed in all

PROTEIN EXPRESSION
Colorectal cancer
Breast cancer
Prostate cancer
Lung cancer
Liver cancer

STAINING SUMMARY
HPA007316
HPA007571
CAB008636

GENE INFORMATION

Gene name

 GLUL (HGNC Symbol)

Synonyms

 GLNS

Description

 Glutamate-ammonia ligase (HGNC Symbol)

Entrez gene summary

 The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP-dependent reaction. This protein plays a role in ammonia and glutamate detoxification, acid-base homeostasis, cell signaling, and cell proliferation. Glutamine is an abundant amino acid, and is important to the biosynthesis of several amino acids, pyrimidines, and purines. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital glutamine deficiency, and overexpression of this gene was observed in some primary liver cancer samples. There are six pseudogenes of this gene found on chromosomes 2, 5, 9, 11, and 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

Chromosome

 1

Cytoband

 q25.3

Chromosome location (bp)

 182381704 - 182392206

Protein evidence

 Evidence at protein level (all genes)

Ensembl

 ENSG00000135821 (version 83.38)

Entrez gene

 2752

UniProt

 P15104 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)

neXtProt

 NX_P15104

Antibodypedia

 GLUL antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSER
GLUL-001
GLUL-002
GLUL-201
GLUL-202
GLUL-203

PROTEIN INFORMATION

Splice variant

UniProt

Protein class

Gene ontology

Length & mass

Signal peptide
(predicted)

Transmembrane regions
(predicted)
GLUL-001
ENSP00000356537
ENST00000331872
P15104 [Direct mapping]
Glutamine synthetase
A8YXX4 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%]
Glutamine synthetase
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Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Lyases
   Ligase
Predicted intracellular proteins
Plasma proteins
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001504 [neurotransmitter uptake]
GO:0004351 [glutamate decarboxylase activity]
GO:0004356 [glutamate-ammonia ligase activity]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006538 [glutamate catabolic process]
GO:0006542 [glutamine biosynthetic process]
GO:0006807 [nitrogen compound metabolic process]
GO:0007268 [synaptic transmission]
GO:0008283 [cell proliferation]
GO:0008652 [cellular amino acid biosynthetic process]
GO:0034641 [cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
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 373 aa
42.1 kDa 		No 0
GLUL-002
ENSP00000344958
ENST00000339526
P15104 [Direct mapping]
Glutamine synthetase
A8YXX4 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%]
Glutamine synthetase
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Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Lyases
   Ligase
Predicted intracellular proteins
Plasma proteins
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001504 [neurotransmitter uptake]
GO:0004351 [glutamate decarboxylase activity]
GO:0004356 [glutamate-ammonia ligase activity]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006538 [glutamate catabolic process]
GO:0006542 [glutamine biosynthetic process]
GO:0006807 [nitrogen compound metabolic process]
GO:0007268 [synaptic transmission]
GO:0008283 [cell proliferation]
GO:0008652 [cellular amino acid biosynthetic process]
GO:0034641 [cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
Show all
 373 aa
42.1 kDa 		No 0
GLUL-201
ENSP00000307900
ENST00000311223
P15104 [Direct mapping]
Glutamine synthetase
A8YXX4 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%]
Glutamine synthetase
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Lyases
   Ligase
Predicted intracellular proteins
Plasma proteins
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000287 [magnesium ion binding]
GO:0001504 [neurotransmitter uptake]
GO:0004351 [glutamate decarboxylase activity]
GO:0004356 [glutamate-ammonia ligase activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005524 [ATP binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005791 [rough endoplasmic reticulum]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006536 [glutamate metabolic process]
GO:0006538 [glutamate catabolic process]
GO:0006542 [glutamine biosynthetic process]
GO:0006807 [nitrogen compound metabolic process]
GO:0007268 [synaptic transmission]
GO:0008283 [cell proliferation]
GO:0008652 [cellular amino acid biosynthetic process]
GO:0009267 [cellular response to starvation]
GO:0009749 [response to glucose]
GO:0016595 [glutamate binding]
GO:0030145 [manganese ion binding]
GO:0032024 [positive regulation of insulin secretion]
GO:0034641 [cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0042995 [cell projection]
GO:0043005 [neuron projection]
GO:0043204 [perikaryon]
GO:0043209 [myelin sheath]
GO:0043231 [intracellular membrane-bounded organelle]
GO:0043234 [protein complex]
GO:0043679 [axon terminus]
GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process]
GO:0044297 [cell body]
GO:0045503 [dynein light chain binding]
GO:0050679 [positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation]
GO:0051260 [protein homooligomerization]
GO:0051968 [positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
GO:0097386 [glial cell projection]
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 373 aa
42.1 kDa 		No 0
GLUL-202
ENSP00000398320
ENST00000417584
P15104 [Direct mapping]
Glutamine synthetase
A8YXX4 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%]
Glutamine synthetase
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Lyases
   Ligase
Predicted intracellular proteins
Plasma proteins
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001504 [neurotransmitter uptake]
GO:0004351 [glutamate decarboxylase activity]
GO:0004356 [glutamate-ammonia ligase activity]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006538 [glutamate catabolic process]
GO:0006542 [glutamine biosynthetic process]
GO:0006807 [nitrogen compound metabolic process]
GO:0007268 [synaptic transmission]
GO:0008283 [cell proliferation]
GO:0008652 [cellular amino acid biosynthetic process]
GO:0034641 [cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
Show all
 373 aa
42.1 kDa 		No 0
GLUL-203
ENSP00000481855
ENST00000621524
A0A087WYJ1 [Direct mapping]
Glutamine synthetase
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004356 [glutamate-ammonia ligase activity]
GO:0006542 [glutamine biosynthetic process]
GO:0006807 [nitrogen compound metabolic process]
Show all
 233 aa
26.4 kDa 		No 0

Contact

The Project

The Human Protein Atlas

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg foundation.